2024 Author: Harry Day | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-31 14:10
In the modern world, there are over 250 methods of psychotherapy. The most common are psychoanalysis, gestalt therapy, client-centered therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, body-oriented therapy, systemic family therapy.
And I am an "adept" of psychodrama. This word often frightens and scares people. Until recently, psychotherapists generally seemed to be scary creatures who could easily be put in a psychiatric hospital, and then there's drama. Complete horror. Psychodrama is translated from Latin as "action of the soul." And then, it is no longer scary, but very poetic, and then you will see how practical it is.
What is the method of psychodrama?
1. SCENEFirst of all, in psychodrama, there is a scene. And here in the minds of many, terrifying pictures may appear - children's matinees with forced performances, birthdays and a stool for rhymes, fear of public speaking. But in psychodrama, the scene is something else. This is the space in which life unfolds
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We are on stage every day. We are being presented to others. We show our roles. A stage is a way to show context and space. After all, a neighbor who came in for a pinch of salt during the day and at three o'clock in the morning evokes different emotions and meanings.
The scene allows us to recreate and change the past, see the present (yesterday's quarrel with the boss), be in fairy worlds (myths, stories, fairy tales, dreams and any fantasies), make plans for the future.
2. ROLE AND ROLE LEVELS
Do we play roles or do roles play us? It turns out that sometimes we consciously play a role, for example, "bitches", and sometimes the role grows in us so much that it plays us
In psychodrama, we look at a person's role repertoire. The larger it is, the richer we can offer ourselves to the world. The fuller our life.
And it so happens that the roles are underdeveloped. For example, a simple role. There is food. Whoever eats like a goose swallows without chewing. Without enjoying and not concentrating on what he is doing. But this is the easiest way to enjoy life. Eat with pleasure. This is the bodily (somatic) level of roles. I run, jump, eat, have sex, go to the toilet, breathe.
In psychodrama, we look at a person's role repertoire. The larger it is, the richer we can offer ourselves to the world. The fuller our life
The next role level is mental. These are our feelings, emotions. With good development, at this level, I allow myself to experience the full range of emotions and feelings. Resentment, anger, frustration, hatred, love, passion. Including sensing and differentiating the experience of semitones of emotions and feelings - light alertness, a little disappointment, quiet sadness.
After we have considered the roles of the somatic and mental levels, we can move on to the social level. What happens between me and the other (s). But psychologists generally come to us with this. Understand the problems - father and son, husband and wife, adult parents, children and grandchildren. Think about the role of the father. Who teaches us this role !? What does it mean to be a father? What does it mean to be a mother? Is it enough to take care of the health and nutrition of the child?
The highest level is transcendental roles. What am I doing for the world? The role of the father can evolve into the role of the Pope. The role of mother in mother Teresa. This is the level of roles that answer questions of the meaning of existence.
3. CULTURAL CANNED FOOD
So, we already have a scene, a role. The next characteristic that we use is "cultural conservation". This metaphor denotes a habitual (automatic) way of behavior. We somehow robotic our actions. We don’t think too much about how I behave in a conflict situation, but we act in the usual way. For example, in a conflict situation, some people tend to fall into a daze. There is no strength to say, not a word in response, not to move a hand. Psychodrama, lets you print open canned food to try a new behavior. Start a creative cycle. Give spontaneity. If we return to the conflict situation, the director of psychodrama helps to create a scene (situation) in which it unfolds, and further encourages the client to experiment. Move your hand, stamp your foot, swear (even obscenities)
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The founder of psychodrama, Jacob Levi Moreno, spoke of it this way - "spontaneity is the ability to act in an unusual new way in a standard situation and react in a standard way in an unusual situation."
4. SOCIOMETRY
This is a way to find out how group members relate to a topic, phenomenon, and each other. You can do this through a written survey. Another way, I will now demonstrate. If the group took place right now, and we would have 12 participants, I would suggest presenting the room as a scale on one axis of which I am very scared, on the other I am not afraid of anything. My question to the participants would sound like this: "Now it is quarantine and each of us has formed our own position on this topic."
Take a place in the room according to the scale. The participants took their place and then you can ask everyone why he is standing where it is very scary, or vice versa in a place of complete carelessness. We see a group of people who are united in their perception of the situation, or there is a distribution. Clearly, deeply, democratically (makes it possible to show different points of view), simple.
Psychodrama, lets you print open canned food to try a new behavior. Launch a creative cycle
And of course the sociometric studies we are familiar with that we did at school or institute. Do you remember the questions: Who do I want to be friends with? Who will I go hiking with? Who will I do my homework with? This is how we psychologists determined the leaders and outsiders in the group, the level of cohesion, the status of each participant in the group, and compared formal and informal leaders.
5. FIRST METHOD OF GROUP THERAPY
It is important to say that psychodrama is the first method of group psychotherapy. Sigmund Freud and Jacob Levi Moreno started at almost the same time. At the same time, the first conducted an individual psychoanalysis, and Moreno immediately began working with a group. Children in the park, prostitutes, and the military were his clients in the 1920s. Then he built the first psychodrama theater. Invented and discovered sociometry. And then sociodrama, which made it possible to reconcile warring groups of people.
In December 2013, I worked with the Maidan defenders. We tried to conduct a dialogue with the national police and the golden eagle. The avalanche was unstoppable, but we managed to understand the other that evening. And understanding the other, living his role allows you to relieve tension inside and return faith in another, as not the embodiment of evil, but the bearer of meanings.
Now, during the aggravation of the social and psychological situation in the country, I believe that dialogues are needed between different groups - politicians and voters, doctors and the healthy, rich and poor. If we understand, we can live together with respect for each other.
And finally, verses by Jacob Moreno:
Meeting of two: eye to eye, face to face,
And when you're near, I take your eyes and look them instead of mine,
and you will take my eyes and will look with them instead of yours,
I will see you with your eyes, you will see me with mine
So some simple thing calls for silence, and our meeting will remain a free desire:
In free space and time, a causeless word to a free person
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