2024 Author: Harry Day | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 15:43
Each phase of a child's development, according to A. Freud, is the result of resolving the conflict between internal instinctive drives and the restrictive requirements of the external social environment. Normal child development occurs in leaps and bounds, not gradually step by step, but back and forth again, with progressive and regressive processes in their constant alternation. In their development, children take two steps forward and one backward. It is viewed as a process of gradual socialization of the child, subject to the law of transition from pleasure to reality. If the search for the first is an internal principle of the child, then the satisfaction of desires depends on the external world, and in childhood - largely on the mother. Therefore, the mother acts as the first legislator for her children, and her mood, her addictions and antipathies noticeably affect their development. “The fastest developing is what the mother likes and welcomes the most” (A. Freud).
The child remains immature as long as his desires dominate him, and the decision to satisfy them or refuse them belongs to the outside world, parents and other people. The desire to satisfy his desires at any cost, based on the principle of pleasure, can determine his asocial behavior, Only when the child is able to act according to the principle of reality, take into account the requirements of the social environment, analyze and control his intentions and independently decide whether this or that urge needs to be rejected or turned into action, its transition to an adult state is possible, But it should be borne in mind that advancement to the principle of reality in itself does not guarantee that a person will follow social requirements, Thus, almost all the normal elements of a child's life, such as greed, jealousy, self-interest, push the child in the direction of antisociality, the opposite (reactionary formations), are directed to other purposes (sublimation), redirected to other people (projection). So difficult and painful is the socialization of the child, his inclusion in the life of society.
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