2024 Author: Harry Day | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 15:43
The ability to anticipate events is a vital skill that develops throughout life
Anticipation at a certain level is also developed in animals. So, when a swallow hunts for a midge, it flies not to the point where the midge is now, but to the one where it will be in a few seconds. In these seconds, the most complex computational processes take place in the swallow's brain - the past experience is compared with the current situation (wind speed and direction, midge speed, etc.), and on the basis of the data obtained, the speed and trajectory of the flight are selected, and control signals are given to the body. No superpowers - just good brain function and an obedient, controlled body.
The human brain is more developed and is able to predict situations many times more difficult than "where the midge will be in a second." Just as a basketball player trains in the accuracy of shots, the brain of a mentally healthy person is constantly improving in the accuracy of making predictions. Processes of forecasting and comparison of the actual situation with the predicted one are constantly taking place in it. Forecasting helps to prepare for future events, and comparing forecasts with a real-life situation - to make corrections in forecasting activity.
In everything that a person does (prepares, designs, launches production or plays a game), one needs the ability to foresee the result of his actions and possible external circumstances (weather conditions, actions of other people, upcoming elections, etc.). In psychology, the ability to act and make decisions in anticipation of future events is called anticipation.
Components of anticipatory activity:
- Probabilistic impartial forecasting. Thus, a chess player calculates the game several moves ahead.
- Emotionally colored motivationally supported (desired - unwanted) expectation of certain events. The chess player wants to win and does everything to achieve the desired result. Victory for him is a positively colored, desired event, defeat is an undesirable, negatively colored event.
Any unexpected change in the situation leads to stress. The greater the mismatch between the expected situation and what actually happened, the more pathogenic the consequences for the psyche can be. Unforeseen events keep a person in suspense until a decision is made "what to do next." While a person is in tension, the risk of trauma remains. Making a decision is an energy-consuming, resource-squeezing process. A situation predicted in advance (positive or negative) facilitates adaptation processes, since the person was ready for the situation in advance and knows roughly what to do.
Numerous observations, as well as studies of the mechanism of anticipation of healthy people and people with neurotic disorders, confirm the connection between the impairment of prognostic abilities and the occurrence of these disorders.
A person prone to neurotic disorders excludes undesirable events from their prognostic activities and focuses only on desirable ones. Undesirable situations for such people are ousted from the “scenario of the future”. Finding himself in an unfavorable situation, a person may not use his potential for coping, even if his system of psychological compensation is working normally, and may develop neurosis. It was also noted that people who are inclined to find themselves in the same type of stressful situations for them do not take into account past experience: the 5th betrayal of their spouse will be as unexpected for them as the first. They, just like the first time, "could not even imagine that he would do this."
Attitudes “you don’t need to think about this”, “pip your tongue”, “nakarkal” refer to negative social patterns, because do not allow the person to prepare for unwanted events.
Reduces anticipatory abilities and the habit of shifting responsibility for your life and your future to horoscopes, numerology, fortune telling, etc. - a person does not predict and plan his life himself, but adjusts it to predictions. Thus, the need to think and plan disappears.
Anticipation has nothing to do with supernatural abilities (clairvoyance), it is given by nature and can be developed. It is important to learn to trust your feelings and observations.
All situations, both positive and negative, that can objectively occur, must be included in plans and corrected in their activities. Of course, without fanaticism: for example, if you board a train, you do not need to prepare for the fact that it may derail or catch fire, but think about the possibility of robbery on the train or your child may get sick on the road and take action - it is necessary, and let it not happen.
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