2024 Author: Harry Day | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 15:43
Painting by Vasily Perov "Three"
Unhealthy manifestations of aggression are when a person, by his actions, words, harms other people: attacks, insults, persecutes, exploits, belittles, does not fulfill promises, deprives the care and attention of a person who is objectively dependent on him (a child, a pregnant wife, a disabled person, etc..), leaves those for whom he is responsible in danger, generally neglects his obligations, damages other people's property, social environment, etc.
Unhealthy forms of aggression include auto-aggression, that is, aggression directed at oneself: self-criticism, self-damaging lifestyle, suicide.
Destructive forms of aggression can be observed in people with reduced self-control and a high level of impulsivity, for whom it is difficult to express anger or discontent in a different way.
Investigating the internal motives of aggression, the Austrian psychotherapist Alfred Adler came to the conclusion that aggression is one of the ways to feel control over a situation when the feeling of inferiority, by committing aggressive actions, is replaced by a feeling of superiority. Thus, aggression directed at others is an overcompensation of feelings of experienced inferiority.
Difficulty controlling impulses leads to hasty, thoughtless (impulsive) actions. Therefore, the aggressor, after committing violence, often regrets what he did, when it becomes possible to analyze his behavior, if, of course, he retains the ability to reflect and empathy.
Psychoanalyst Karen Horney believed that the cause of aggression is basal anxiety. This anxiety occurs when a person loses a sense of security and cannot meet important needs for themselves. Then the anxiety is transformed into aggression and directed at others.
How can a person express aggression in an environmentally friendly manner?
Alfred Adler gave several ways of socially acceptable expression of aggression (I added a few of my own to these points, however, the list can be supplemented) :
1.creation of aggressive images in fantasy, cinema, fine arts; the author's work is often a reflection of his motives, internal conflicts, and is a way to sublimate the aggressiveness raging inside, "drain" it through safe channels; 2. choice and work in a profession connected directly or indirectly with the authorities (policeman, teacher, doctor, politician); 3. social responsibility, engaging in charity; in the pursuit of charity, as Adler believed, lies the desire for cruelty, for a real understanding of suffering and pain can only come from a genuine interest in the world of torment; 4. Behavior that allows you to defend yourself and at the same time "not lose your face", while maintaining your dignity - expressing your opinion, life position, constructive criticism, protecting your rights in environmentally friendly ways, making decisions, taking care of your needs; 5. leadership, striving for success, self-actualization, demonstration of one's achievements;
6. psychotherapy as a way to speak, work out your aggression, learn to manage it; 7. sex and role play.
There is little sense in the fact that a person, for example, drains aggression at a psychologist's appointment, but does not direct it into life, to activate his social activity.
The suppression of aggression is fraught with psychosomatic diseases.
How do you manage your aggressiveness?
* The topic for the article was born in the process of preparing a commentary for the news publication "Chelyabinsk Review".
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