2024 Author: Harry Day | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 15:43
In this article I will write the direction in psychology that I have chosen for myself in my work. There are many directions in psychology, the main ones of which are.
- gestalt therapy;
- cognitive behavioral therapy;
- psychoanalysis;
- transactional analysis.
There are some more branches, I have listed the basic ones above.
Below I will write in more detail about transactional analysis. Since it is the closest to me and is understandable to use. In practice, for myself and my clients, I see excellent results using this direction.
The founder of transactional analysis is the American psychologist and psychiatrist Eric Berne.
(1910-1970). For the first time I got acquainted with his book "People who play games." at the age of 18-19.
10 years later, after a series of events in my life, I remembered the theory of Eric Berne and realized that I wanted to study in more detail exactly transactional analysis in order to reveal many questions in my life. Therefore, choosing a certain psychological direction did not become a special question for me, which one to choose for in-depth study. This is how my long and interesting journey of understanding TA (transactional analysis) began.
What is so special about transactional analysis?
Eric Berne divided the human psyche into three ego states:
- ego states of the parent;
- ego states of an adult;
- the ego state of the child.
What do these ego states mean?
Parental ego state - all feelings, thoughts and behavior that were copied from parental figures or from persons who were involved in and influenced the upbringing of the child (grandmothers, grandfathers, nannies, teachers, educators).
Adult ego state - all thoughts, feelings, behavior of a person, which are a direct and objective reaction to a situation that has arisen, a person is and reacts to any situation in the "here and now".
The ego state of a child is all thoughts, feelings, behavior that were recorded by a person in early childhood.
There is no better or worse ego state, all of them are important for the full development of the personality, but the main task is to learn to be aware of them in oneself and understand what is happening at a given moment in time and which state will be more adequate now. That is, to learn how to analyze the situation and freely use the three ego states.
The parental ego-state in our mental consciousness is responsible for what needs to and is important to do, the adult ego-state is responsible for what the person will do in reality, the child's ego-state for what the person wants to do. It turns out great when, when performing some activity, a child's "WANT", a parent's "NEED", an adult "I DO" are turned on inside us! Then you can live life and perform certain tasks, work with taste and pleasure.
Let's take a look at the activities of all three ego states using an example. Woman, approximately
At the age of 35, he works as a doctor, gets ready and goes to work. Her parental ego state is responsible for the fact that she needs to regularly wake up and go to help people, the adult ego state takes responsibility for leaving the house on time and arriving for work, and the child's ego state is responsible for the fact that she wants to go to the hospital and treat people. The woman internally feels: "I like helping people and I enjoy going to work, it is interesting for me to work as a doctor." These are the relationships that take place in the psychic consciousness of this woman.
Consider a slightly different option with the same woman. The doctor goes to work with the thought of how much she hates her job. At work, she does not behave politely towards patients or is polite, but internally she is very unhappy when helping sick people. She can often wake up or be late for work. It can be assumed that her inner parent tells her that she must definitely go to work in order to earn money, the inner adult takes responsibility and goes, but the inner child, the inner “want” protests and shouts that he hates this job! Therefore, internally, a woman can feel very unhappy with her daily work duties.
This is a general example of ego states, as each case must be considered separately. And the problem for many people is that their inner parent and adult is just developed and is responsible for life, children, family, but the inner child is not happy. And a person can live an unhappy, routine and gray life, while outwardly seem to be a completely socially successful and happy person.
In Eric Berne's transactional analysis, an important role is given to the internal energy exchange between the three ego states. It is important to be able to understand your true feelings, emotions and express them according to the current situation. Sometimes you can and should have fun and laugh heartily, open up and give in to the feelings of a free child, but somewhere you need to concentrate and do important work, tune in to the adult and parental ego state.
Also in TA (transactional analysis) transactions, social interaction (communication) of people with each other are studied. An analysis of the ego states from which a person speaks and responds is studied. Eric Berne also devoted an important role to the games between people. The game does not imply direct and open communication, but hidden implications and meanings, after which each of the participants in the game communication receives his payoff: negative emotions, bodily harm, etc. Eric Berne has analyzed a fair number of games, I will give a few examples below. "Alcoholic", "Debtor", "Hit me", "Gotcha, son of a bitch!", "Look what I did because of you" and others.
And the most delicious thing about TA is autonomy and happy personalities! To be an autonomous person, according to transactional analysis, is to be a conscious person, to be able to use spontaneity and creativity, to be close in relationships, to openly express your true feelings and emotions in relation to yourself and other people. Live life consciously and happily!
Article author:
Natalia Kondratyeva
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