2024 Author: Harry Day | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 15:43
How to understand that this is addiction (addiction), and not something else, for example, a form of neurosis?
One of the books recommended in the Addictology course referred to the P. B. Gannushkin, characterizing pathological behavior, which is addiction: 1. maladjustment, 2. totality, 3. stability of symptoms.
Disadaptation can be both interpersonal (a person is unable to establish productive connections with people) and intrapersonal (the presence of persistent irrational attitudes towards himself and others).
Totality is when maladaptive behavior manifests itself in most life situations.
Stability is the constancy of the maladaptive state, and not its situationality, as in neurosis.
What can a person's emotional dependence (or addiction to it) look like at the psychological and behavioral levels?
This will be a state of anxiety, irritability or boredom, apathy and a greedy search for ways to distract yourself: go to work, drink, use drugs, have spontaneous sex, be in a situation of risk (a woman will go to a meeting in a deserted place with an unfamiliar man, for example, take extreme sports sports, drive at full speed, etc.). The addict is usually looking for ways to experience intense emotions. He is attracted to people who can give these emotions, he himself often provokes strong affective reactions. The addict is addicted to this condition like a drug, and is even willing to put himself in danger. He is fixed on the source of the "high", and sometimes he can pursue, or directs aggression at himself and begins to self-destruct, talk about suicide. However, having received what he wants, the addict loses interest in him in the absence of further disturbing impressions.
The following psychological characteristics of persons with addictive forms of behavior are distinguished (Segal, 1989): 1) reduced tolerance to the difficulties of everyday life, along with good tolerance to crisis situations; 2) a hidden inferiority complex, combined with externally manifested superiority; 3) external sociability, combined with fear of persistent emotional contacts; 4) the desire to tell a lie; 5) the desire to blame others, knowing that they are innocent; 6) the desire to evade responsibility in decision-making; 7) stereotyped behavior, repetition of behavior; 8) dependence; 9) anxiety.
Emotional or other addiction is mainly formed in people with borderline states.
In the neurotic form, fixation on the other is transient, there is no tendency for years to "stick" mentally on someone, and, after a while, the person calms down and directs energy to further self-actualization. Also, maladjustment is not observed in other areas of life. A person observes reasonable caution, feels great in a family, in an atmosphere of stability and predictability, knows how to enjoy everyday things.
The addict, on the other hand, is happy and feels the fullness of life only in moments of crisis, in periods of strong emotional shock.
Are you familiar with such addicts? I would be glad if you share your story
To be continued.
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