2024 Author: Harry Day | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 15:43
There are many definitions of a crisis.
A crisis is a collision of two realities: mental reality of a person with his system of worldview, patterns of behavior, etc. and that part of objective reality is contrary to his previous experience.
In domestic and foreign literature, the following interpretations of the term "crisis" prevail: intermission, the time when it is necessary to stop, think and see the part of the path already covered; critical moment and turning point; ontogenetic source of both strength and insufficient adaptation; the period of decay, break.
In the theory of crises, the concept of "crisis" does not mean the situation itself, but the emotional reaction of a person to a threatening one.
The cause of the crisis can be either a specific event or situation in the life of an individual, or an exacerbation of existing (or emerging) personal contradictions. On the whole, a psychological crisis, in the understanding of F. Yu. Vasilyuk, is a complex and multidimensional state that mobilizes the creative potential of an individual, while capturing various substructures of the body.
The Chinese symbol for the word "crisis" consists of two characters, the first of which means "danger" and the other means "opportunity, opportunity." The literal translation of the term "crisis" (krisis - Greek) means a decision, a turning point, an outcome.
Titarenko T. M. life crisis is defined as a long-term internal conflict about life in general, its meaning, main goals and ways to achieve them.
According to G. Perry, the characteristic features of a life crisis are: a sense of the uncontrollability of what is happening; unexpectedness of what is happening, disruption of the usual course of life; uncertainty of the future; prolonged suffering, grief, feelings of loss, danger or humiliation.
In a crisis, a person is placed in a situation in which a fundamental need (meaning-creating motive) is deprived, or a potential or actual threat is created for this, "from which, in real human interaction," cannot go and which cannot be resolved in a short time and the familiar image.
There are two directions in the views of researchers about the impact of the crisis on the personality: negative and positive
A number of researchers, who can be conditionally attributed to the "negative" direction, consider the crisis as negative, mostly random phenomena in human life that can and should be avoided.
A number of researchers of the "positive" direction (L. S. Vygotsky, T. M. Titarenko, etc.), consider the crisis as a constructive phenomenon in a person's life, as the peak of the restoration of his inner world, leads to personal growth, to an increase in psychological maturity and adaptability.
According to E. Erickson, the crisis leads the individual to personal growth, to the beginning of a "new life", to overcoming life obstacles. A radical rethinking of one's own life for each person becomes a turning point, at which significant changes in values and interests occur.
In the understanding of the psychological phenomenon, a psychological crisis is considered: 1) as a socio-psychological situation, 2) as a special state that has its own subjective and objective characteristics, 3) as a process of experiencing.
Libina A. believes that mastering crises requires additional, mental efforts from a person. Individuals who have successfully overcome a psychological crisis gain experience, confidence in their abilities and the ability to cope with difficult life situations in the future. In her opinion, those who in every possible way "run away" from making a decision, from a timely choice, will sooner or later have to go through a crisis.
Donchenko E. and Titarenko T. M.note that as a result of the resolution of the crisis, a person can switch to a qualitatively new way of life. Moreover, what was the reason and reason for the crisis experiences can be reincarnated as a result of the overcoming reaction into an internal experience that regulates further principles and a program of life.
In general, representatives of the "positive" direction see the crisis not as a threat of catastrophe, but rather as a challenge to those difficulties, critical situations, unfavorable circumstances that are encountered in a person's life. The need for changes arising in this situation contributes to the development of a person's need for self-realization, for personal growth, contributes to the emergence of a desire to live a full life.
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