2024 Author: Harry Day | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 15:43
"Oh, and what has he not said yet? And how old is he? Two and a half? My eldest at one and a half began to speak! And the youngest is already reciting poems in full, and he is a month younger than yours …"
If you are familiar with such comments from others, then you perfectly understand how annoying and annoying they are! And also quite natural doubts creep in: what if there really is something wrong with my child? maybe he has some kind of deviation? Or am I a bad mother and devote little time to the development of the child?
And it is not clear what to do in such a situation - TO BEAT THE ALARM OR TO RELAX ???
So, there are quite obvious norms in the development of the child and, in particular, in his speech development. The child's speech begins to form and develop from the very birth, it does not arise at once!
Let's look at the stages of speech development:
-walking (from the first "agu", to various variations and complications, drooling, inflating salivary bubbles, chanting the sounds "ah-ah-ah"; age from 1-3 months);
- babbling (the first babbling can appear as early as 6 months and becomes more complicated, continues to expand by a year or two). What is meant by babbling? This is a "gibberish", incomprehensible language, with the help of which the baby communicates with others, or with himself; a child using babbling already knows well that speech is functional and with its help one can not only achieve what he wants, but also just “chat” for pleasure, training the articulatory apparatus; an example of babbling can be the simplest "ta-ta-ta", "ba-ba", "na-na", etc.;
- words. By the age of 2-2, 5 years, a child may already have a rich vocabulary, he calls a lot of things his "dirty" language, often understandable only to his mother, calls animals, as animals say, calls objects, actions of objects and people ("drip-drip "," Uncle top-top "), expresses in words elementary needs and requests. The child may try to connect several words together, for example, "ma-ma, give!", "Give am!";
- phrases. By the age of three, the child should already have a well-developed phrasal speech, which is quite understandable and meaningful, although the baby may not yet pronounce a lot of sounds, distort them.
The reasons why a child does not develop speech by the age of three, experts divide into the following groups:
- organic (these are lesions of the areas of the brain that are responsible for understanding speech and speech reproduction), neuropathologists, speech therapists most often call these problems of cerebral development at different levels (delayed speech or psycho-speech development), appropriate treatment is prescribed medication and corrective work (speech therapist or speech therapist + psychologist);
- real functional disorders of the speech apparatus (cleft palate, malocclusion, structure of teeth, etc.);
- violation of speech of the psychoemotional plan:
-excessively strict upbringing;
- deprived children, deprived of love and care;
- overly understanding and caring parents (overprotective);
-trauma (operations, severe shocks, loss of emotionally close objects).
There is also a special type of speech disorder, which is understood as a violation of communication in general. It is about the lack of desire to speak, even with the understanding of speech and the real functionality for the emergence of speech. In this case, we can talk about severe violations of the personality structure (early childhood autism, schizophrenia, psychotic personality structure). With such violations, the child does not want to contact the outside world, his picture of the world is somewhat distorted and has a specific character. Psychoneurologists, speech therapists and psychologists are already working with such problems). Although, as a diagnosis, they often also put DPD, which is from a medical point of view, but the correctional work has a qualitatively different nature.
It is very important to carry out timely diagnostics in order to give an understanding of the problem, first of all to the parents and begin to provide assistance to the child.
WHAT CAN BE HELP FROM A PSYCHOLOGIST?
Firstly, a psychologist can diagnose and, if necessary, refer to medical specialists, since both the organic reasons for the lack of speech, and communication disorders, and functional disorders of the speech apparatus require not only corrective work, but also medication.
In order to carry out educational, developmental activities, to follow clear instructions (which speech therapists most often want to see in their work), the child must be willing to come into contact with the correctional teacher, hear him, and be able to be in contact for some time. then the time to focus. Children with personality structure disorders, as well as very small children (up to 3 years old), deprived, traumatized children, often either were deprived of relationships and love, or because of their characteristics are afraid to come into contact with people and need treatment like medication and psychological. Psychologists use different methods and techniques to establish contact, teach to trust, show interest, motivate and develop.
A child with speech impairments of various levels, or just a poorly speaking child, often causes anxiety and concern of parents. It so happens that the parents are quite caring and sympathetic, but the baby still does not speak. The child's problems are always the pain and sadness of the parent. Therefore, the family that takes part in upbringing also needs specific help. A psychologist can also provide such assistance.
We often hear around: do not worry, he will speak or speak out, which, of course, calms and gives hope to the parents. But it should be remembered that speech is directly related to development as such, and the brain has the ability to compensate in early childhood, so timely assistance gives the baby more chances to develop and adapt to the world !!!
THE INFORMATION THAT COMES TO PARENTS FROM ANYWHERE IS FREQUENTLY CONTRADICTED AND NOT ALWAYS TRUE. TIMELY INTERVENTION CAN SIGNIFICANTLY HELP BOTH BABY AND FAMILY !!!
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