2024 Author: Harry Day | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 15:43
Psychologist, CBT approach
Chelyabinsk
It happens that clients come to a consultation with a request to recognize whether their partner is a sociopath / psychopath or not.
Even psychologists sometimes find it difficult to give clear criteria for a sociopath, describing him in polarity: as a criminal from the “bottom” of society or as a person who has reached heights in the profession, but completely non-empathic, cold. The terms "sociopath" and "psychopath" are often confused.
From one psi blogger I heard the following differentiation: the sociopath is stupid, and the psychopath is smart and forward-thinking. It made me smile.
This scattered view often baffles readers, and they try to "tailor" the behavior of the "uncomfortable" partner to be sociopathic or psychopathic. Sometimes a request for consultation immediately sounds: "How should I behave with my psychopathic husband?" or "Do I have a future with a sociopathic wife?"
Psychopathies are an outdated name for personality disorders, including sociopathy (antisocial personality disorder). Each personality disorder has its own characteristics.
In narcissistic personality disorder, the person will give out an idea of themselves as the chosen one, with special rights and privileges.
With antisocial personality disorder, a person will neglect social norms and responsibilities, commit offenses, look for loopholes in the laws and ways to fool the environment.
In obsessive-compulsive disorder, on the other hand, there will be a love of rules and order.
With a hysterical personality disorder, a person will, in any situation, try to attract attention to himself through his flashy appearance or mannered, theatrical behavior.
With paranoid personality disorder, the person will be driven by some overvalued idea of fighting external enemies.
With schizoid personality disorder, a person will be low-social, closed on himself and his fantasies, unusual hobbies.
With borderline personality disorder, emotional instability, unpredictable mood, impulsivity, and self-injurious behavior will be observed.
Pure personality disorder is rare, so it is difficult to differentiate it, unless the signs are clear, "convex".
If it is difficult to differentiate, then the presence of a personality disorder can be determined by a person's pronounced maladjustment, which will be total and permeate almost all major spheres of life. A person with PD often has a lot of problems in relations with parents, employers, partners, children and other social circles due to perception distorted under the influence of psychotraumas and a weak mechanism of emotional self-regulation. Problems begin in childhood and accompany a person in the process of life.
Due to the difficulties in building stable relationships, it is difficult for such people to stay in psychotherapy, and therefore, especially in my opinion, short-term types of psychological assistance, supportive therapy at intervals are more suitable for them.
Who is a DSM-5 sociopath?
To diagnose antisocial personality disorder, in addition to the general criteria for PD, it is necessary to have three or more of the following points:
1. Failure to comply with social norms, to respect the laws, manifested in their systematic violation, leading to arrests. 2. Hypocrisy, manifested in frequent lies, the use of pseudonyms, or deceiving others in order to extract benefits. 3. Impulsivity or inability to plan ahead. 4. Irritability and aggressiveness, manifested in frequent fights or other physical confrontations. 5. Riskiness without taking into account safety for yourself and others. 6. Consistent irresponsibility, manifested in repeated inability to maintain a certain mode of operation or to meet financial obligations. 7. Lack of regret, manifested in indifference to harming others, mistreating others, or stealing from others.
Psychoanalyst Nancy McWilliams draws a parallel between sociopathy and psychopathy, calling the antisocial personality psychopathic. The main criteria described by her are the inability to attachment and consumer attitude towards others, lack of empathy, compassion, inability to learn from their mistakes, disregard for social norms. The main valued qualities for a sociopath are strength and resourcefulness, the ability to influence the behavior of others through manipulation or threats.
When scientists at the University of Wisconsin at Madison examined Psychopaths' Brains Show Differences in Structure and Function in the brains of psychopathic criminals, they found bilateral damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPK), which is responsible for empathy and guilt.
At the same time, the F60 heading of personality disorders in ICD-10 excludes organic damage as a cause.
It follows from this that sociopathy can be congenital, due to heredity (nuclear), organic genesis and due to the influence of the environment (marginal). More often than not, all the reasons given affect the formation of this psychopathology.
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