2024 Author: Harry Day | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 15:43
Emergency psychological assistance - it is a system of short-term measures that are injured in the focus of an extreme situation or in the near future after a traumatic event.
Extreme situations can be very different: natural disasters, military operations, fire, road accidents, everyday situations in which victims or eyewitnesses experienced acute severe stress, etc.
As a rule, in moments of distress, a person thinks first of all about his physical survival than about mental well-being, despite the fact that he experiences panic, fear and is in dire need of external support.
In the absence of adequate psychological support, there is a risk of developing PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder with anxiety somatization).
In addition, a person experiencing uncontrollable fear can further harm themselves or those around them.
Different people react differently in acute stressful situations. It depends on the state of mind, the severity of the disaster and the speed of assistance.
I will list the main mental states that a psychologist encounters at the scene of the incident, and methods of first aid
I think it will be interesting for many to know.
Delusions and hallucinations
Delirium is false ideas and conclusions, in the fallacy of which a person cannot be persuaded.
Hallucinations - the experience of feeling the presence of imaginary objects (for example, a person sees non-existent people, smells that are not there, hears voices, etc.).
Actions: speak with the victim in a calm voice, agree, do not try to convince; do not leave him alone, remove all dangerous items and call an ambulance.
Apathy
With apathy, one can observe inhibition of reactions, slow speech with long pauses, a person feels overwhelmed with fatigue. Without psychological help, he can go into a stupor or become depressed.
Actions: talk to a person, ask simple questions: "How do you feel?", "Are you hungry?" etc., if possible, take him to the place of rest, take his hand or put his hand on his forehead; if there is no opportunity to rest, talk with the victim, involve in any joint activities.
Stupor
A stupor is characterized by transcendental protective inhibition, a person is conscious, he sees and hears everything, but there is no contact with him, there are no reactions to external stimuli.
Actions: it is necessary to get the person out of the stupor as soon as possible; simple bodily contact, support (for example, taking the hand, elbow) can calm down: violent reactions, crying, screaming will be much more healing, so it is better to say what can cause them, but not related to what happened; sit or stand comfortably, put the victim's hand on his chest in the area of the heart, breathe calmly - up to 30 minutes.
Motor excitement
A person experiences motor excitement, acts chaotically, speaks a lot and in confusion, often there is no reaction to others.
Actions: to carry out the "grip" technique (from behind, stick your hands to the victim under the armpits, squeeze him to you and slightly overturn him on yourself); calmly start talking about the feelings that a person is experiencing; not to argue with the victim and, moreover, not to criticize; give a specific task.
Motor excitement usually does not last long and can be replaced by nervous tremors, crying.
Aggression
Actions: there is no need to argue with the victim, to blame, but to reflect to the person with what needs his emotions may be connected, to let him off the steam; express benevolence; assign work related to physical activity, if it does not help, try to create fear of punishment.
Fear
Actions: put the victim's hand on your wrist to let them feel your calm pulse; breathe deeply and evenly, encourage the person to breathe in the same rhythm with you; if a person speaks, listen to him, show sympathy; if possible, make a light massage of the most tense parts of the body.
Nervous trembling
Through uncontrolled shaking, a person releases tension, so shaking should be encouraged. If it is stopped, then the tension will remain inside and can provoke hypertension, ulcers, etc.
Actions: the trembling must be intensified. You can take the victim by the shoulders and shake it strongly for 10-15 seconds, you can shake the person in a blanket for 5-10 minutes.
You can't hug and hug you, cover with something warm, say so that a person pulls himself together.
Hysterics
Accompanied by screams, sobs, theatrical poses.
Actions: remove "public"; perform an action that may surprise the victim (pour water over, shout sharply); speak in a confident tone, in short phrases ("Drink water", "Wash yourself"); do not indulge the desire of the victim.
Cry
When crying, unlike hysteria, there are no signs of excitement.
If a person holds back tears, there is no emotional release and no release from internal tension.
Actions: do not leave a person alone, apply the techniques of active listening, you can take a hand, put your palm on your shoulder.
* Active actions with victims can be performed in the absence of serious physical injuries!
If a person is immobilized, even your presence, information therapy, verbal support and active listening will help him.
I remember my condition after the accident I experienced: there was a need for the presence of people nearby, in a conversation with them, in information about what was with me, whether there were any serious injuries.
The presence of psychological knowledge helped not to panic and to identify their psychological state, relieve excess anxiety.
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