2024 Author: Harry Day | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-12 20:57
I am answering a question from a reader who took part in the action.
I express only my attitude.
In Russian, the word "sin" (Old Slavic grѣkh) corresponds to the concept of "error" ("flaw"). In the New Testament: "sin is lawlessness" (1 John 3: 4). St. Apostle John the Theologian calls every violation of the Divine law (Divine commandments) a sin.
Sins, like diseases, are divided into ordinary and deadly (mortal sins).
St. Apostle Paul means mortal sins when he lists those who are deprived of eternal life: “neither fornicators, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor malaki (apparently, they mean people who masturbate), nor sodomites, nor thieves, nor covetous people, neither drunkards, nor revilers, nor predators - the Kingdom of God will not inherit (1 Cor. 6: 9-10).
By "predators", apparently, we mean those who attack others, "eat" others.
Any harm against humanity belongs to grave, mortal sins.
At the same time, in the Holy Scriptures. The Apostle Paul, on behalf of all mankind, speaks of the duality of our nature: "according to the inner man I find pleasure in the law of God; but in my members I see another law that opposes the law of my mind and makes me a captive to the law of sin, which is in my members" (Rom..7: 22-23).
Since psychology belongs to the natural-scientific and humanistic discipline, the concept of "sin" is absent in it.
Psychology views a person as a subject acting within the framework of his powers, and not a passive object.
A person as a subject is endowed with free will, is able to independently make this or that choice and bear responsibility for it.
The psychologist is called upon to ensure the acceptance of the person who turned to him for help, within the framework of the legislation of his country.
The task of a psychologist is not to assess a person's actions, but to help him know himself, his needs, and teach him to make a choice that is optimal for him, contributing to his adaptation and self-actualization.
The great merit of Sigmund Freud in discovering the fact that too strict demands on oneself (rigid superego), as well as permissiveness (weakness of the superego, predominance of id, instincts), neurotize a person or lead to his moral decay.
If the internal norms are too rigid, the individual goes against himself, harms himself, suppressing aggressive impulses; if he is undemanding to himself, then he goes against the environment, and thereby, again, hurts himself, because society rejects him.
Both behaviors are maladaptive, since they generate an internal conflict in a person, dissatisfaction with the quality of their lives, causing mental and bodily ailments.
Integration of the personality is achieved through a person's finding a balance between his interests and the moral and ethical requirements of the micro- and macro-environment in which he finds himself.
In addition to sociocultural norms, we all have our own internal norms. A person, for example, can honor the traditions of his people, celebrate religious holidays, but his internal norms will be much more flexible than the norms of religious morality.
As a psychologist, I practice the cognitive-behavioral approach in psychotherapy, this approach assumes a rational attitude to aspects of our life, based on a critical analysis of dogmatic statements - not any statements, but only those that hinder a person's successful adaptation. Neurotization of a person and erroneous actions, in the cognitive-behavioral paradigm, are a consequence of erroneous judgments about oneself and the world, formed under the influence of early experience or lack of information (I do not take into account organic disorders - this is a separate topic, rather related to medicine).
In Christianity, pride is the fundamental principle of all other sins.
In psychology, the equivalent of pathological pride can be considered destructive narcissism, when a person puts his Ego above everything else.
Indeed, many problems of our time, including mental disorders, arise from the fact that a person is too absorbed in himself and thinks little about his neighbors, about creation. Consumption has come to the fore, not enough attention is paid to the spiritual aspects of being.
In my opinion, strict religious norms, once created by people like us, in modern realities look outdated. Few people now call masturbation or homosexuality a mortal sin.
However, without the cultivation of empathy, mercy, spiritual guidelines, moderate restrictions, society will also decline.
Our task is to find the right balance for ourselves and remain human in any situation.
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