2024 Author: Harry Day | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 15:43
In the modern world, "Domostroy" is a synonym for the patriarchal way of family life. But few people know that this literary monument is dedicated not only to everyday life and relationships in the family, but also completely regulated the earthly path of Novgorodians in medieval Russia. Whether it is possible to apply the rules of "Domostroi" to today's realities, Passion.ru and the family psychologist of the psychotherapeutic center "Berkana" Yulia Krokha are examining.
Set of rules
The most famous chapters regulate worldly life, spiritual, social and social behavior, family life, raising children, how to lead servants, how to conduct wedding ceremonies and arrange feasts, as well as the kitchen - a collection of recipes and a description of dishes, their storage, plus an approximate year-round a calendar of changing dishes depending on the seasons and posts.
What do we still use?
Since the days of the Novgorod Republic, little has changed in our social behavior. For example, we still use the commandment “not to pick your nose” in public. The section on "Behavior at a party and at the table" is still relevant. When entering a visit, you need to knock and wipe your dirty feet, and you should not take anything off the table without the permission of the owners. Well, and, of course, the wonderful thing: sitting at the table, "you can't blaspheme food." Even if the hostess, or rather her cooks and cooks, did not succeed in the dishes, it is worth leaving your opinion to yourself. In my opinion, very diplomatic.
Advice "About building a house", that is, about managing the economy, can be applied to life in the countryside, in a country house or in the country. It makes sense to store food in a cellar or glacier, that is, a refrigerator will also work, and equipment - shovels and brooms - in a barn, that is, a utility room specially adapted for these needs.
Already in the 16th century, Novgorodians knew how to live within their means: "Every person, rich and poor, great and small, should sort out his economy, distributing it according to the spoils and trade, and according to his wealth." The main thing is to understand "the income and expenses, the loans and debts, - to distribute everything in advance, and then live, keeping the economy in accordance with the income and expenses." Why not the conclusion of a professional financial analyst?
What is categorically unacceptable?
Probably the most difficult for the perception of a modern person are the chapters dealing with the relationship between husband and wife, raising children, parent-child relations.
“Wife to be quiet and taciturn” is, of course, an excellent command, but not very feasible in partnership.
“Yes, every day the wife would ask her husband and consult about the whole household” - a woman had no right to independently make decisions either on the household or in the circle of communication.
“And to go on a visit and invite only with whom the husband will allow. And if the guests come in, or wherever she is, to sit at the table is the best dress to wear, but always beware of the drunken wife: a drunken husband is bad, but a wife is drunk and not fit in the world."
And, of course, the worst fear of Domostroi is when women gathered in groups and drank strong drinks. And if at the same time they "sorcery", that is, they wondered or "the unclean speeches led" - well, then it is not a sin to beat such a wife.
Raising children a priori meant corporal punishment. “To love and keep children, but also to save by fear, punish and teach, or else, after understanding, and beat them. Punish children in your youth - they will rest you in your old age, Domostroy instructed.
I think it is already clear why this is unacceptable in the modern world.
“Children should honor father and mother” is feasible only if the children are lucky enough to be born into a loving family.
What changed?
Of course, how to keep the servants in strictness, instructions to the cook "how to cook honey and smoke wine", recommendations for the housekeeper, that is, the housekeeper or the butler, in more modern language, how to buy supplies at the bazaar, how to store dried and dried fish, and eggs and cheeses, how to prepare for a feast, if guests are just around the corner (at least a week, that is, a week, to start cooking) - all these tips have become archaic long ago.
Just like the wish to those who had a daughter to collect a dowry from each transaction “or from her share, whatever God sends, buys canvases and canvases, - all these years, they put her dress in a special chest, always adding a little, Every year . Well, the advice on preserving scraps after cutting clothes generally seems ridiculous.
Instead of an afterword
I think that for the modern reader "Domostroy" is interesting as a source of descriptions of the life and customs of the inhabitants of Veliky Novgorod. But trying to live according to the old set of rules, most likely, will not work, because even over the past fifty years the world has changed so much, what can we say about five hundred.
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