2024 Author: Harry Day | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 15:43
The interpretation of dreams has interested people at all times and in all parts of the world. Pharaohs and slaves, kings and sorcerers tried to comprehend the secret of dreams. Dreams were used for prophecy and fortune telling. Through dreams, shamans communicated with the gods, and ordinary people with the spirits of deceased relatives. Representatives of Ancient Greece were looking for ways to heal through dreams, and there are even known cases of scientific discoveries that came in a dream. Yes, yes, I'm talking about the famous legend, which says that Dmitry Mendeleev unexpectedly saw in a dream the periodic table of chemical elements.
And, of course, psychologists use dreams to explain what is happening in the client's life and understand the causes of his psychological problems.
Representatives of different psychological schools have completely different understanding of the nature of dreams and, accordingly, a different approach to working with them.
Representatives of classical psychoanalysis, whose point of view is dominant throughout the entire period of development of modern psychology, they believe that a dream is a reflection of unconscious processes, the essence of which is the repression of desires. That is, a dream always speaks of a hidden desire, however, the censorship of consciousness, which, although dulled in a dream, is still present, distorts the images of dreams, thus realizing psychological defenses.
However, already in 1913, a student and close friend of Freud Sandor Ferenczi asked a question, and to whom the dreams seen by the dreamer belong. And he was convinced that an important function of a dream is the ability to tell it to another person, and it is this that gives wider and deeper possibilities for interpreting dreams than Freud's intrapsychic model.
C. G. Jung wrote:
"A dream is a small, hidden door in the innermost and most secret corners of the soul, leading to that cosmic night, which the Soul was even before the emergence of I-consciousness."
From the point of view of analytical psychology, a dream is a door not only to the personal, but also to the collective unconscious. Dreams carry knowledge about the mystery of the universe, it knows both the past and the future, however, a person is not given to comprehend the secret of dreams, he can only look a little through the opened door.
Z. Fuchsin his theory of groupanalysis, he paid great attention to dreams, and although he was an adherent of the views of Z. Freud that dreams are not "social statements", he nevertheless said that a dream can shed light
"On the situation in the group, on the group as a whole, may be an unconscious reflection of what is happening in the group."
W. Bion, the founder of group theory noted the following function of dreams
"Dreaming in a group can create common sense among group members and unify the group matrix."
It was Bion who suggested that the process of dreaming is continuous not only in sleep, but also in wakefulness. However, this property of dreams was also noted by C. G. Jung, and it was on the basis of this function that he based his method of active imagination.
An innovative method of working with dreaming is the Social Dream Matrix, founded by Gordon Lawrence. The method is based on Bion's idea of the existence of collective mental activity, which unites the group matrix into a single organism.
“Our thoughts and feelings live in the space between minds; in a space that does not belong to anyone in particular and is shared (felt) by many at the same time. Through dreams, we share our inner reality and establish connections with others. During the social matrix of dreams, participants jointly seek the social meaning of their dreams and free associations. Being in the matrix and playing with sleep, we play inside a kind of social dream."
The social significance of sleep is confirmed by many prophetic dreams known to mankind.
Jung wrote in 1913 about his dream, in which he saw a stream washing Europe off the face of the earth, and only Switzerland, protected by mountains, remained untouched. Jung decided that a sudden psychosis was the cause of the dream, because at that time there was no political basis for subsequent events. Charlotte Berat, in her book The Third Reich of Dreams, has collected more than 300 dreams in Germany, which foreshadowed not only the Second World War, but also the extermination of the Jews. However, people could not believe in the reality of what they saw.
The purpose of the social matrix of dreams is to study dreams, search for their hidden meaning at various levels of the matrix (personal, group, social).
The fundamental difference from therapeutic groups is that the focus is not on the dreamer's personality, but exclusively on the dream. Interpretations of dreams are also excluded. The work goes through the expression of dreams and free associations to them. The group members create spaces for dreams and wait for the dreams to reveal their meaning to them. In the course of the group's work, the participants, through free associations, stretch like threads of communication from one dream to another and discover new meanings.
The work of a dream group usually consists of two parts.
In the first part, the group members exchange dreams and free associations to them. It is in this part that the space of the group is filled with dreams, for the formation of a single social dream.
In the second part, the process of reflection and discussion of dreams takes place in an attempt to capture the social and group meaning.
For safety reasons, the group does not discuss the personal meanings of dreams, however, the practice of dreaming groups shows that personal meanings are revealed to the group members, because they begin to understand the language of their unconscious.
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