2024 Author: Harry Day | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 15:43
Frequent manifestations of eating disorders in adolescents are associated with physiological and psychological changes in adolescence. Puberty causes hormonal changes, changes in body constitution and changes in eating behavior. In this context, various temporary deviations from normal nutrition can occur, which is associated with the empowerment of adolescents (2, 3, 4).
Many girls begin to experiment with diets, and some of them subsequently move on to fasting practices and develop severe eating disorders. In some cases, eating disorders in girls are associated with the onset of menarche, the onset of menstruation, and the appearance of sexual impulses. Excessive anxiety about puberty can trigger starvation, which leads to a slowdown in puberty. Thus, anorexia, bulimia, binge eating disorder can have dramatic consequences.
Anorexic and bulimic adolescents often experience a deficit of their own emotions, they are unable to recognize and identify emotions. Emotions of adolescents are uncontrollable, labile, intense and threatening to their own self. The inability to cope with their emotions is paradoxically associated with excessive sensitivity to the states of other people and anxiety over their reactions, which can lead adolescents to the development of obsequious behavior (2, 3).
Addiction and self-criticism are common in both anorexic and bulimic adolescents, which is not surprising since one of the main problems of an adolescent with an eating disorder is the struggle for autonomy and self-determination. An eating disorder can be an attempt to deal with feelings of lack of control. Anorexic woman becomes the master of her own body, she has absolute power over it, and while she controls it, she feels strong and self-sufficient (1, 3).
Anorexic adolescents are more obsessive-compulsive and narcissistic. An anorexic teenager may refuse not only food, but also new experiences. For bulimic adolescents, the following are more characteristic: emotional dysregulation (with borderline functioning), a subjective feeling of emptiness and emotional hunger, which they try to satisfy with food. Hirsch (4), describing the bulimic cycle, associates it with borderline disorder with its characteristic idealization of the object, which, after gaining intimacy with it, is devalued and perceived as negative.
"Bulimichka symbolically kills her mother every day, sometimes several times a day, when in panic she gets rid of food in her body, the mother's substrate, which turns into a life-threatening persecutor." / M. Hirsch /
Anorexia nervosa in boys often begins with a teen looking fat and may be bullied, which makes the boy want to lose weight and gain perfect muscles, with identity difficulties central.
Modern theories consider eating disorders as a reflection of a delay in the development of the separation-individuation process, emotional and physical deprivation, emotional, physical and sexual abuse. The severity of the injury determines the severity of food pathology (2, 3, 4)
Literature:
1. Korkina M. V. Dysmorphomania in adolescence and adolescence, 1984.
2. Lingiardi V, McWilliams N. Guide to Psychodynamic Diagnosis, 2019.
3. Starshenbaum Addictology: Psychology and Psychotherapy of Addictions, 2006.
4. Hirsch M. This is my body … and I can do with it what I want, 2018.
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