2024 Author: Harry Day | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 15:43
Fundamental Preschool Age Crises
(according to Erickson)
0-2 Infancy
Poles of the Crisis : Basic Trust - Distrust
The first crisis is connected with the Mom, who provides the child's need for safety and affection.
It is important for a loving mother to intuitively feel and meet the child's needs.
Attachment can be: calm and anxious.
The child develops a distrust of the world if the mother constantly:
a) is cruel in treatment, b) cold and distant, c) is nervous and anxious. The child, sensing this, begins to be capricious and hurt.
If a baby has no affection for his mother, he cannot trust her. How, then, can you trust the world? After all, for a baby, Mother is the whole World. This is how the Basic Mistrust in the world is formed.
2-4 Playing age
Poles of the Crisis: Autonomy - Shame, Doubt
The child walks, runs, gets out. His independence is growing and gaining strength. Often insists: "I myself."
This is “paternal age”. Dad introduces the child to the boundaries. Like Mayakovsky: "The little son came to his father and asked the little one:" What is good and what is bad."
For violation of the limits of what is permitted, they are punished or shamed. And blessing, if it is a Normative shame - for a bad deed done. Such shame regulates behavior, helps to realize and improve.
There is also Toxic Shame, which attacks not the action, but the personality of the child.
The child begins to be ashamed of himself if he:
a) criticize and shame, b) are negatively compared with other children, c) do not support failures. - The child thinks that dad never scribbled and the letters he immediately lined up in a slender row.
If toxic shame develops at this age, the child's growing Autonomy will wither away.
Toxic shame undermines a child's strength and self-esteem. The child feels bad and dirty.
4 -6 Preschool age
Poles of the Crisis: Initiative - Wines
At this age, the child is actively moving towards the world around him. He has his own interests and aspirations, which are important to support.
Sometimes the child's initiative stumbles upon prohibitions. There should be bans, but if there are a lot of them, the child's activity is blocked and Guilt settles.
Types of Wine:
a) real - for actions, b) toxic - when he is to blame for everything in the world.
When there is a lot of Guilt, it gives rise to irrational fears. The child begins to fear himself: “If I am so guilty, it means that I am bad and I will be punished. Or it will carry away the barmaley."
An explosive mixture of Shame, Guilt and Fear is bombing the fragile personality of the child. The child becomes controlled and driven, initiative and will leave him, support and faith in himself are absent.
In adulthood, he becomes an obedient toy in the hands of mercantile manipulators and swindlers.
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