2024 Author: Harry Day | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 15:43
The article defines the concept of readaptation and psychological rehabilitation of combatants (UBD). The specific features characteristic of the processes of readaptation of combatants are highlighted. The typologies of readaptation of combatants are presented. The characteristics of the main activities of each type of readaptation presented in the framework of the typology are disclosed. The analysis of the psychological rehabilitation of combatants is carried out.
The fundamental element of the concept of personality adaptation is the concept of "reintegration", which understands the restoration of regulatory mental reactions and mental activity, which meets the requirements of normal living conditions based on the restructuring of inadequate perception of extreme conditions formed under the influence of psychogenic factors. In a general sense, the term "reintegration" means the re-adaptation of a person to environmental conditions. This process is necessary for those people who, for certain objective or subjective reasons, have changed the environment and are forced to adapt again and reproduce lost or suspended social ties. There are the following types of readaptation and reintegration of combatants:
1) socio-psychological readaptation provides for the process of repeated active adaptation of combatants in the “basic” social environment with the help of psychological measures.
2) professional reintegration - an administratively adjusted state process of forming the educational and professional sphere of acquiring or restoring skills necessary for mastering professions that have the greatest commercial demand in the modern labor market. Within the boundaries of professional readaptation, it is advisable to include a state-guaranteed and practically implemented mechanism for increasing the already existing production qualifications of a combatant until he receives an alternative choice of education, which has the most optimal demand on the market.
3) psychiatric reintegration - the most significant in terms of avoidance
to crisis psychological states, an element of readaptation, which is associated with a professional attempt to achieve a state of leveling mental problems and disorders in them and achieving a state of mental balance, caused by traumatic factors of both orders: mental or physical. The most severe cases in the practice of psychiatric care for combatants are associated with the presence of concentrated complex traumatic factors in the veteran's psyche, for example, there are signs of manic-depressive syndrome and clear physiological signs of phantom pain within the lost limb.
4) acentric reintegration - an indirect type of readaptation, which consists in the professional work of a psychologist with the closest social environment (most often the family of a combatant) about their acquisition of the basic necessary skills for a correct understanding of the current state of those who took part in hostilities, perception of behavior and the creation of a calm surrounding microclimate. Acentric reintegration consists in consolidating and continuing the permanent impact on the UBD, which was laid down during the work of a professional military psychologist directly.
Conclusions. The activity of readaptation and psychological rehabilitation is an important component of comprehensive support and assistance to combatants, since it ensures the correction of deformed value orientations, the removal of negative mental states of the individual, thereby contributing to the self-affirmation of combatants in society from an emotionally favorable position.
