2024 Author: Harry Day | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 15:43
Crisis (psychological crisis) - it is the internal state of a person reacting to stress, when all other normal ways to cope with the situation do not help. Psychological crisis - this is a pronounced violation of the internal balance of a person, which requires resolution. it is a situation in which immediate external action is required with the participation of someone in order to prevent the possibility of self-harm. In essence, all psychotherapy is designed to combat pathological suffering.
Who is crisis psychotherapy indicated for?
A state of loss
What do we lose when we part forever? The state of loss in psychotherapy is considered as one of the varieties of a crisis state (pathological crisis, post-traumatic stress disorder - PTSD), accompanied by a sharp change in personal and social functioning due to the loss of loved ones or especially significant relationships (loss of work, social status, loss of a loved one - divorce, death, etc.). A person seems to be losing his part, a part of himself.
The state of loss goes through several stages from acute grief to accepting the loss. In clinical cases, there is no acceptance, and the person seems to stop in the processing of grief, loses contact with reality, maladjusted. Examples of such clinical situations may be excessive long-term experience of mourning, refusal to accept the situation of divorce or dismissal, refusal of a family to accept the death of a child, etc.
In such cases, crisis psychotherapy is shown, which makes it possible to process experiences and facilitate the return of a person to normal social or personal functioning.
How can you help a bereaved person?
A special model of psychotherapy called "Crisis psychotherapy" has been created to help people experiencing states of loss. It can only be carried out by specially trained professionals - psychotherapists and medical (clinical) psychologists.
Crisis psychotherapy programs are implemented, as a rule, in three stages: 1) crisis support, 2) crisis intervention, 3) training of adaptation skills, which make it possible to actualize the personal resources necessary for a constructive resolution of a crisis situation.
At the stage of crisis support, special psychotherapeutic techniques are used that contribute to the direct processing of feelings of loss and cathartic response. At this stage of the work, the psychotherapeutic setting (time limit for the psychotherapeutic session) is ignored and psychotherapeutic sessions can last up to several hours.
Crisis psychotherapy aims to reconstruct the violation of the client's microsocial sphere and the cognitive restructuring of his ideas about the causes of suffering from loss. At this stage, special techniques are applied to "complete" the lost relationship. These can be techniques of gestalt therapy, psychodrama and other methods of psychotherapy.
At the stage of increasing the level of adaptation, various options for behavioral psychotherapy are used, it is possible to conduct individual behavioral training, which can be implemented through the patient's homework system, and existential psychotherapy is also shown.
In some cases, along with individual, family and group psychotherapy is shown, and in the presence of suicidal tendencies, it is recommended to conduct spa psychotherapy in a crisis hospital.
The duration of crisis psychotherapy is determined by the severity of the experience. In moderate cases, it usually lasts 3-4 months, and in severe cases up to 6-12 months.
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