2024 Author: Harry Day | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 15:43
Main problem depressed individuals, both in young and old age, consists in the perception of oneself as inferior, unworthy of love and bad. A self-actualizing prophecy about one's own "badness" can lead to social isolation and a sense of life on the sidelines. It may be the other way around, an overly active social life can act as a defense against these fears. In old age, the mechanism of negative self-attribution manifests itself in the form of regrets and guilt for lost opportunities.
Elderly people with a depressive radical reproach themselves for not doing something in their life. Loneliness in the present is perceived as a punishment for selfishness and bad actions in the past. Religion or helping others to cope with feelings of worthlessness can be used as a compensatory mechanism. The fiasco of these compensatory mechanisms can lead to deep feelings of loneliness, which can escalate into severe depression. Introjectively depressed people who are prone to feelings of guilt, self-criticism and perfectionism do not cope well with age-related decline in physical and cognitive processes. Accordingly, such people are characterized by an exaggerated sense of inferiority and emptiness. Anaklitically depressed people who feel an urgent need for relationships and intimacy show a high reactivity to such life events as separation and loss, which they cannot accept for a long time.
Addicted people in old age, they demonstrate clinging behavior, which is associated with an excessive need for care. They feel unable to grapple with various life challenges. The starting point for building relationships is the fear of abandonment, death and intolerance to loneliness. The most striking manifestations of this personality pattern can be observed when a person reacts to the death of his partner (on whom he usually depended in earlier periods of his life). Or when children and grandchildren, for one reason or another, move away from him. The addicted person may have accompanying anxiety or depressive symptoms, as well as specific fears (for example, fear of falling) and symptoms of septic anxiety associated with children and grandchildren. Separation anxiety usually manifests itself in a constant need for communication, constant phone calls and visits, as well as constant discussion of doubts and fears and a desire for approval. In some cases, addiction manifests itself in hostility, which is the passive-aggressive aspect of the disorder. Oppositional behavior can lead to "hostile" isolation as well as alcoholism.
Peculiarities anxious-avoidant style include social isolation, shyness and self-doubt, and the conflict between desire and fear of the relationship. These experiences can be exacerbated in old age due to increasing self-doubt, which is in part related to a decrease in physical, psychological and cognitive resources. Sometimes it happens that anxiety itself is perceived by an elderly person as such an unbearable feeling that it can only be controlled by avoiding relationships. This tendency towards isolation makes it difficult for older people to get the support and help they need. This can be especially problematic in situations where an elderly person needs hospitalization.
Narcissistic radical negatively affects the aging process. Typically, narcissistic individuals are lonely and isolated in old age. Their inability to maintain long-term and deep relationships, as well as difficulties with empathy, often lead to a decrease in the number of people who can support and help. In addition, it is very difficult for narcissistic people to accept age-related changes in physical condition. Physical condition negatively affects self-awareness and provokes a feeling of envy towards young and healthy people, especially children and grandchildren suffer from envious attacks. Increased addiction is very poorly tolerated by aging narcissists, as it causes feelings of weakness, in very strong contrast to the past omnipotent control and power.
Thus, the aging process can increase the severity of certain symptoms and behavior patterns characteristic of different personality styles. The complex interaction of the objective variables of aging and the particulars of personality style is important for comprehension and clinical diagnosis.
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