2024 Author: Harry Day | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 15:43
In general, the client does not notice the difference between Gestalt therapy and psychoanalysis - at present there are a lot of different directions, therefore any psychologist who is improving in his field selects an individual approach for each client, combining several methods from different directions.
In theory, gestalt therapy and psychoanalysis differ in their approaches to working with the client. Gestalt works on the border of contact, helping the client to develop self-awareness, and plays the role of an active participant in the process, interacting with the patient as a person with a person. The psychoanalyst is engaged in the analysis of the unconscious (how the current situation is related to childhood and the mother's figure, which in the unconscious prevents a person from moving on).
Nowadays psychoanalysis is not only a couch. Psychoanalysis is based on the method of free association, free self-talk, direct contact with the therapist. In gestalt, emphasis is placed on this - only thanks to another person can you change something in yourself, pay attention to those actions that you cannot see on your own. According to the professor and president of the Ukrainian Gestalt community Alexander Makhovikov, psychotherapy is not a technique, it is always a contact with a person.
And only contact and relationships can heal the human soul. What is the fundamental difference between Gestalt therapy and psychoanalysis and other psychotherapeutic directions?
Gestalt therapy is based on a phenomenological approach. What does this mean? A phenomenon is a sensation, a perception, an idea, and a thought. The phenomenological approach is an approach where the main thing is not behavior, but the content of the perceiving and experiencing consciousness: what I see in my consciousness, how I experience it. Directly during a psychotherapy session, the therapist pays attention to those phenomena that are in direct contact here and now, that is, first of all, the current situation is assessed.
Each person is a blank slate. The psychotherapist analyzes the client's behavior, pays attention to the client's internal clamps during contact. For example, a person lowered his eyes to the floor while communicating. What does this mean? What exactly are you angry with, or was it just me? All these aspects are being worked out in detail.
In practice, the phenomenological approach is not used in its purest form, it is a long and deep process of work that presupposes dynamics. In addition, this technique is mainly suitable for people with a healthy psyche, in rare cases it can be used with borderline clients (for example, several sessions per month). Depending on the situation, you can apply different approaches, focusing primarily on the needs of the client - what will be useful to my client at the moment (useful - not pleasant!)?
Every person sometimes wants to hear that he is a fine fellow and is doing everything right, while the people around him are immoral personalities. However, this will not bring the expected benefit to the client. If everyone around you seems strange, you need to pay attention to your inner self and ask yourself - what do I do to make others look strange, why do I perceive people this way? This kind of detailed analysis can be quite unpleasant, but useful for the client. If a person experiences excessive self-hatred or disgust, he transfers the feelings experienced to others. As a result, everyone around will experience these sensations, and the client himself will be “white and fluffy”. Why?
Experience your disgust (hatred) yourself! This mechanism is called projective identification - I do not experience myself, but I endow others with these feelings. At a certain point in time, it is important to analyze the situation in detail, than to experience emotions, this will reduce the degree of affect. If the client is overly emotionally agitated ("Ahh! Help me, it's all gone! Disaster!"), A similar response from the therapist will not be helpful at all.
The founder of Gestalt therapy was Frederick Salomon Perls (Fritz Perls). Together with Paul Goodman and Ralph Hefferlin, he wrote the seminal work Gestalt Therapy, Arousal and Growth of the Human Personality, in 1952 he participated in the founding of the New York Gestalt Institute. There is an interesting theory about how the Gestalt direction was founded. Frederick Perls traveled by ship with Sigmund Freud. Frederick approached Freud and tried to talk to him, but the famous psychoanalyst was a rather reserved person, so he refused to communicate with a stranger. Perls took offense at this attitude and decided to found his own direction in psychology (gestalt therapy). In general, the direction is based on psychoanalysis, only a concept is added on the border of contact with phenomenology. Relatively speaking, this is a direction adapted to the Western mentality.
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