Neurosis, Causes Of Occurrence, Clinical Picture, Psychotherapy

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Video: Neurosis, Causes Of Occurrence, Clinical Picture, Psychotherapy

Video: Neurosis, Causes Of Occurrence, Clinical Picture, Psychotherapy
Video: Major Depressive Disorder | Clinical Presentation 2024, March
Neurosis, Causes Of Occurrence, Clinical Picture, Psychotherapy
Neurosis, Causes Of Occurrence, Clinical Picture, Psychotherapy
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Neurosis, psychoneurosis, neurotic disorder (Novolat. Neurosis from Old Greek. Νεῦρον "nerve") in the clinic is a collective name for a group of functional psychogenic reversible disorders that tend to protracted. The clinical picture of such disorders is characterized by asthenic, obsessive or hysterical manifestations, as well as a temporary decrease in mental and physical performance. Neuroses are a group of extensive neurological disorders that share some of the same symptoms. The disease is characterized by many clinical signs, so it is difficult to define it.

The clinical picture of these disorders has asthenic, obsessive, and hysterical manifestations. The disease is characterized by a decrease in mental as well as physical performance.

Neurosis refers to temporary functional disorders of the nervous system that arise under the influence of acute, as well as longitudinal psychotraumatic factors. The causes of neuroses are overwork, environmental fatigue, the effect of radiation, and serious illnesses.

For neuroses, symptoms such as clouding of consciousness, hallucinations, delusions, which are observed in psychosis, are not characteristic. Not typical for neurotic level disorders of behavior change. Patients are aware of the painful nature of the symptoms that gravitate them, maintain criticism of their condition, strive to get rid of the manifestations of the disease.

The course of diseases in this group is favorable. Full recovery is not uncommon for such pathologies, although sometimes the treatment can take many years.

In the modern world, neurosis is a fairly common disorder. In developed countries, from 10% to 20% of the population, including children, suffer from various forms of neurotic disorders. In the structure of mental disorders, neuroses account for about 20-25%. Since the symptoms of neurosis are often not only psychological, but also somatic in nature, this issue is relevant both for clinical psychology and neurology, and for a number of other disciplines: cardiology, gastroenterology, pulmonology, pediatrics.

The causes of neuroses

In most cases, patients have some similar character traits that make them less stable in difficult life situations. So, usually neurotics have a history of lack of parental love, which negatively affects the formation of personality and provides increased anxiety, reduced self-esteem, fearfulness, etc. in an adult state. Together, these traits become fertile ground for neurosis.

I. I. Pavlov characterized neurosis as a chronic disease with impaired higher nervous activity that arose after overstrain in the cerebral cortex.

Sigmund Freud believed that the origin of neurosis is due to the contradictions that arose due to the instinctive drive (It) and the prohibition of the Superego. This prohibition represents morality, as well as the laws of morality, which are embedded in a person since childhood.

Karen Horney argued that neurosis is a defense against unfavorable social factors. It can be humiliation, parental controlling love, social isolation, dismissive, as well as aggressive parental behavior towards the child.

In the formation of such a disease as neurosis, the reasons do not always lie on the surface. Obvious circumstances (trauma, tragedy, etc.) are usually just a push. And at the heart of the disease lies unresolved contradictions between the patient himself and the sides of reality that are significant for him. The inability to productively and rationally solve personal problems leads to mental stress, discomfort, and then to physiological disorganization. To date, there are psychological factors in the development of neuroses, which are understood as the characteristics and conditions of personality development, as well as upbringing, the level of claims and relationships with society; and biological factors, which are understood as the functional failure of certain neurophysiological, as well as neurotransmitter systems, making the sick susceptible to psychogenic influences.

Neurosis - symptoms

In a neurotic disorder, the following symptoms are pronounced: the presence of cynicism, for no apparent reason, emotional distress, indecision, communication problems, low or high self-esteem, experiencing anxiety, phobias, panic disorder, fears, anticipation of an alarming event, panic attacks, uncertainty in a system of values, as well as contradictions in preferences and desires in life, conflicting ideas about oneself, about life, about others.

Symptoms of neurosis include instability of mood and frequent, as well as sharp variability, irritability; high sensitivity to stress, manifested in despair or aggression; the symptomatology of neuroses is characterized by tearfulness, fixation on a traumatic situation, vulnerability, resentment, anxiety. During an attempt to work, neurasthenics quickly get tired, their attention, memory, and thinking abilities decrease; they are very susceptible to loud sounds, temperature changes, bright light.

Neurosis also includes such symptoms as sleep disorder, it is often difficult for a person to fall asleep due to overexcitement; his sleep is superficial, very anxious and does not bring any relief; drowsiness is often observed in the morning.

The physical symptoms of neurosis are headaches, as well as heart pains, often there is increased fatigue, chronic fatigue, abdominal pain, decreased performance (emotional burnout), VSD (vegetative-vascular dystonia), dizziness, and darkening from pressure drops in eyes, disturbances in the vestibular apparatus: difficulties in coordinating movements for balance, frequent dizziness, eating disorders (bulimia - overeating or malnutrition - anorexia); feeling of hunger and at the same time very fast satiety during a meal; insomnia, unpleasant dreams, hypochondria - taking care of your health, psychological sensation and experiencing physical pain (psychalgia).

With the transition to ICD-10, the classification of neurotic disorders has undergone significant changes. However, the term "neurotic" still persists and is used in the title of a large section of disorders. F40 - F48 "Neurotic Stress-Related and Somatoform Disorders":

F40 Anxiety-phobic disorders

F41 Other anxiety disorders

F42 Obsessive compulsive disorder

F43 Reaction to severe stress and adjustment disorders

F44 Dissociative (conversion) disorders

F45 Somatoform disorders

F48 Other neurotic disorders

The neurosis also has such vegetative symptoms: sweating, surges in blood pressure, palpitations, abnormalities in the stomach, cough, frequent urination, decreased libido, loose stools, decreased potency. Symptoms of neurosis are manifested from different systems.

Somatic symptoms

  • defeat of the organs of movement or their individual parts;
  • loss of sensitivity in certain areas of the skin;
  • impaired vision, hearing, or excessive sensitivity to stimuli;
  • shortness of breath, chest tightness;
  • headache, pain in the stomach, heart, spine;
  • dizziness, tremors, palpitations, shortness of breath;
  • syndromes that resemble certain diseases or physiological conditions (for example, imaginary pregnancy syndrome, imaginary epilepsy syndrome, etc.);
  • abnormal functioning of internal organs;
  • sexual dysfunction (impotence, anorgasmia, premature ejaculation)

Thinking problems:

  • obsessive thinking;
  • memory disorders;
  • difficulty concentrating;
  • subjective changes in the perception of reality.

Emotional Disorders:

  • phobias - pathological fear of certain objects, animals, situations (for example, fear of open spaces, fear of spiders, fear of crowds);
  • panic attacks, vague anxiety;
  • lack of motivation, apathy;
  • loss of the ability to experience pleasure (anhedonia);
  • a state of increased tension, irritability;
  • emotional lability;
  • depression;
  • sleep disorders (insomnia or increased sleepiness)

Treatment of neuroses

People mistakenly believe that neurosis is a disease that is treated only in psychiatric hospitals with injections and pills. But this is not true, you can undergo treatment even at home, of course, if the neurologist and the case is not too neglected, it will allow it. Half of the population of our country has neurosis in one form or another, but few people treat it and pay attention to it. A person may not even be aware of the presence of a neurosis, however, this has its advantages, since if a person attaches importance to a neurosis, it intensifies, therefore, one has to engage in long-term treatment, which does not always give a positive result. Since the main cause of the disease is internal conflicts in the human subconscious, then for successful healing you need to find the cause of these conflicts and try to eliminate it. For the treatment of neuroses at home, soothing baths, herbal teas and tinctures that strengthen the nervous system are additionally used. If you apply such a complex treatment, the symptoms of neurosis will no longer bother you.

In relation to neuroses, mainly complex treatment is used, combining psychotherapeutic methods and pharmacotherapy. In mild cases, only psychotherapeutic treatment may be sufficient. It is aimed at revising the attitude to the situation and resolving the internal conflict of the patient with neurosis. From the methods of psychotherapy, it is possible to use psychocorrection, cognitive training, art therapy, psychoanalytic and cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy. Additionally, training in relaxation techniques is carried out; in some cases, hypnotherapy. Therapy is carried out by a psychotherapist or medical psychologist.

The opinion of doctors is that it is advisable for the patient to realize his contradictions, to build a more accurate picture of his personality. The main task of psychotherapy is to help the patient understand the relationships that determined the development of neurosis. There will be a result in psychotherapy if the patient really correlates his life experience with the situation because of which they came into conflict and the disease manifested itself.

It is important to draw attention of the sick person to his personal subjective experiences, as well as to the external conditions of the social environment, the awareness of contradictions alone is categorically not enough, it is very important to create psychotherapeutic conditions that will change the personality and allow her to forever forget neurotic ways of protecting herself from the outside world.

Treatment of neurosis with folk remedies

Before using folk remedies for treating neurosis, be sure to consult with your doctor!

Nuts. Mix nuts with honey and eat this mixture.

Grape juice. For fatigue and fatigue, take 2 tbsp every 2 hours. tablespoons of fresh grape juice. It is both delicious and effective.

Milk with yolk. For 1 cup of hot milk, add 1 yolk (homemade egg) and sugar to taste. Drink it hot.

Valerian. 1 tbsp. Pour a spoonful of chopped valerian root into a thermos and pour 1 cup boiling water. Strain in the morning and drink 1-2 tbsp several times a day. spoons.

Mint. Pour 1 cup boiling water over 1 tbsp. a spoonful of mint. Let it brew for 40 minutes and strain. Drink a cup of warm broth in the morning on an empty stomach and in the evening before bed.

Mint and lemon balm. Take 50 g each of lemon balm and mint leaves. 2 tbsp. Pour 0.5 liters of boiling water over the spoons of the mixture, cover with a lid and let it brew for 30 minutes. Strain, add honey (to taste) and drink in small portions throughout the day.

Peony tincture. You can buy it at the pharmacy. Take in the morning 30-40 drops (1 teaspoon) 3 times a day. The course of treatment is 30 days, then a break of 10 days is required, and can be repeated (if necessary).

Black radish. In the evening, cut out the middle of the radish and fill it with honey. Drink the resulting juice in the morning.

Valerian bath. Take 60 grams of root and boil for 15 minutes, let it brew for 1 hour, strain and pour into the hot tub. Take 15 minutes.

Massage. With a relaxing massage, blood circulation improves, the body gets relaxation and rest.

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