Basic Emotions

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Video: Basic Emotions

Video: Basic Emotions
Video: Emotions for Kids - Happiness, Sadness, Fear, Anger, Disgust and Surprise 2024, March
Basic Emotions
Basic Emotions
Anonim

Until now, there is no single integral theory of mental activity. Psychologists from above, physiologists from below are still drilling tunnels towards a friend, and it seems that even some kind of gap has been outlined, but it's still a long way to the final decision. Meanwhile, some components of mental activity are already beginning to become clear

For example, emotions. In this matter, we are also far from complete understanding. There are still more questions than answers. But, at least, the contours of the problem are clearly marked, and we already have a reason for reasoning.

There is no single definition of emotion, so let's consider by this all emotional processes in their intuitive sense, i.e. as subjectively colored reactions and states. Emotions are basic and complex.… Basic is biology, complex emotions are derived from basic and socially conditioned.

Here we are interested in the basic ones, because these are the very roots of the soul, this is the place where higher mental processes meet with neurophysiology. How many basic emotions exactly exist and what exactly they are is, again, a dark question (like everything in this topic). Classic, already 1972, Ekman classification, later modified by Plutchik. Set of 5 pieces. Later Ekman added more "amazement", and even later expanded to 17 items. Prinz in 2004 identified 9 categories. But I propose to consider the old-evil "big five".

Basic emotions. Fear, anger, sadness, happiness, and disgust

As you can see, "conditionally positive" is only "happiness" on the list. But this is normal, they were not invented for our pleasure, but for business. For Mother Nature, this is a common pedagogical practice - the best encouragement is the termination of punishment. She is with everyone, nothing personal. 4 different sticks and 1 gingerbread.

Fear / anger. Rather, it is aggression and avoidance. The backbone of the basics. The simplest affect. There is a man, there is a shrew, everyone has it. Fight-or-flight_response. I am food - I run away, I eat - I catch up. Aggression and fear live in the tonsils of the brain (Amygdala).

The cortical-medial layer of the amygdala is responsible for the formation of an aggressive affect, and the central basal nuclei are responsible for the fright. The hamsters were irritated by the tonsil bark, and the hamsters became angry and combative from this (links to PubMed once or twice). There are people who, for various reasons, have suppressed the functioning of the basal nodes in the amygdala, at the same time they are much less, or do not feel fear at all (additionally, - another abstract from Pabmed, a full article on a related topic, well, and a heap of a magazine article)

Then, having gone through complex paths through additives and modifications of the limbic system and the hypothalamus, through the filters of the anterior cingulate cortex and so on, as a result, these basic emotions bloom in our frontal lobes with all the red-yellow colors of the human, all too human. Anxiety, irritation, anger. Indignation, indignation, resentment. Anger, quarrel, chagrin. Fury, rage, fury.

Excitement, tension, anxiety. Nervousness, irritability, emotional instability. Concern, anxiety, fearfulness. Fright, fear, horror, panic.

Happiness / sadness. With them it is already more difficult. These are the basic systems of reward and suppression. Satisfaction and dissatisfaction. These are the key carrots & sticks in the head. If you do everything right, here's a cookie from neurotransmitters. If you do it wrong, you get hit in the head. Moreover, the encouragement of the devil will be interrogated, and kicks and cuffs are given willingly and without restrictions (but this is a normal situation, I wrote above).

They are born in the depths of ancient departments, in particular in the tectum of the midbrain and the hippocampus (Ventral tegmental area and Hippocampus). They grow and mature in the limbic system. They act through reward centers (Reward system). They roam through complex serotonin and dopamine pathways. We learn about encouragement / suppression only when reports come to the cortex.

After all the modifications and reorganizations, all kinds of happiness, joy, ecstasy, satisfaction, completeness, contentment, fulfillment, energy and optimism grow out of basic satisfaction / dissatisfaction. And also sadness, sadness, despondency, stupidity, depression, depression, longing, unhappiness, inconsolability, grief and melancholy.

At different stages of this long path, we can, at will, manipulate what is happening in order to get the desired result at the output. and through sequential mental actions, and through controlled behavior, and direct impact on brain chemistry through psychoactive substances, medicinal and / or narcotic nature. This topic has been well studied and described in detail.

Disgust. Disgust stands somewhat apart. This is the only basic emotion that is unique to humans. Our know-how. Lives in front of the islets of Reil (Anterior insula), at the bottom of a deep groove between the temporal and frontal lobes. By its main occupation, this part of the brain is engaged in the formation of taste, but human evolution has incited the insula to sit on the distribution of emotions. Why it was necessary - there is no clear opinion here.

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This is what I think (from this point onwards my personal speculative solo went)

About one and a half million years ago, during the transition from Australopithecus to the first hominids (homo habilis, homo erectus), animal protein came to the diet of our ancestors. This was necessary to feed the growing brain, and protein gives 4-5 times savings in chewing and digestion. According to popular belief, we have been midday scavengers for most of our history. Confident data for active hunting are already Neanderthals and Cro-Magnons, it is thousands of 100 years old. And for more than a million years, people did not grow up to this, they were small shibzd, a meter with a cap, who did not know how to make throwing weapons, and were not able to compete with the predators of that time - large cats, cave hyenas and wolves. So carrion was the main source of protein for us. This is all the more reasonable since the digestive system of primates is generally not particularly adapted for animal protein, so fermented (that is, rotten) meat is much easier to digest naturally. In the cooking of the peoples of the Far North, in whose diet animal protein is forced to take a disproportionately large share, this practice is very common even now. But the advantages of tasty rotten meat brought with them serious disadvantages in the form of sharply increased risks of foodborne diseases. Cats and dogs solve this problem without any unnecessary feeling of disgust, but they are predators, and their ancestors are predators, and the ancestors of their ancestors are also predators, they went to this for tens of millions of years, they have a sense of smell, taste and resistance to infections / poisoning. … To survive, a person needed something that would quickly and reliably stop him from eating potentially poisonous food. Moreover, it had to be collected on the knee from improvised means, for some couple of hundred thousand years. So there was disgust, a powerful emotion that rivals hunger in intensity and stops us from eating something potentially harmful. It was later that we became strong and smart and no longer eat any kaku (in fact, we eat, of course, but oh well, let's skip this moment). We now use disgust for our various social needs. Power is as disgusting as the hands of a barber and all. But this is already so, lyrics. Otherwise, a good, usable basic emotion is idle. It's a pity.

And a few words about amazement. Many people consider amazement to be basic emotions, but here I disagree. A group of amazement-surprise-and so on is all a block of curiosity. I don't think curiosity can be attributed to emotion. The basis of curiosity is search behavior. Actually curiosity is just a subjective color and motivation for search activity. It arises in the anterior nuclei of the hippocampus, in the same places where the primary processing of spatial orientation occurs, the motor and proprioceptive pathways converge, and motor activity arises. That is, it is not an emotion at all, it is a behavioral stereotype. This is only later, when the time comes to inform the consciousness about what is happening, the brain, so that we do not get bored, paints behavior with emotions and gives in to motivation.

This is, in principle, good. Because I've always said and said

We do not have power over our emotions, but we have power over our behavior.

Thus, by consciously controlling and directing our search behavior, we can knock out many wonderful and useful bonuses from the brain greedy for praise, but more on this some other time.

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Summarizing. Who is talking about what, and I have the same song in different ways

Feelings and emotions that we receive at the output, everything that consciousness is able to reflect, what we believe to be the primary and original experience coming from the very heart, is the final product.

All this in its primary form originates in the darkness of the brain stem. We dilute this raw minced meat on hormones, add neuropeptides and neuromodulators, mix, shake, let stand. Carry out multi-stage purification, filtration and modulation. Put socially and culturally determined standards into molds. Pack in a bright (or dull) wrapper according to the personal psychological characteristics and inclinations of the client. You can serve.

From the entire list, we mark with our head only the stage "can be served".

It's like a supermarket. We come to the supermarket and there, on the advertising stand, profitably illuminated cans of "luxury pork stew", directly from the manufacturer, with love from Lyubyatovo, a pure product from the heart. And we think like that - "yyy, it’s extinguished, here it is, - the reality given to us in sensations must be used”. The fact that a mass of unappetizing stages of processing and delivery has remained outside our eyes - this no longer concerns us. We get the final product, do not eat it.

Is it worth knowing about all this? Yes, I think it's worth it. This can be influenced in many ways, and it can be used in many ways to your own benefit and benefit.

But that's a completely different story.

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