2024 Author: Harry Day | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 15:43
Traumatic experiences are terrible, difficult and seem overwhelming. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with events such as wars, terrorist attacks, car accidents, natural disasters, and acts of violence. There is another type of PTSD called Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD), which results from prolonged exposure to traumatic situations rather than from a single incident. CPTSD can be caused by even just one emotional neglect of a child. People with this kind of trauma often complain about problems that are associated with the inability to access or hear any response from the inner self. For example, this can manifest itself in problems with defining one's own needs and rights, a feeling of a stable self-image, in situations of intense emotions or the presence of other people who ask or force to do something, a feeling of the absence of an inner core during stressful periods, predicting one's own reactions and behavior in various situations, the feeling of a positive image of "I".
Most of these problems form in the first years of life, when the parent-child relationship is disrupted by parental aggression or by their indifference to the child. Child humiliation and neglect can lead to the development of strategies of adaptation and defenses that reduce the development of a clear sense of self. Although the factors of identity disorder in people who were traumatized in childhood are very complex, and it is not possible to assert a single factor in the etiology of identity disorder, early dissociation, focus on other people and the lack of a favorable relationship with them are very likely.
Dissociation or other forms of protection by the type of “leaving” at an early age blocks the awareness of one's inner state at the very moment of ontogenesis when the “I” image is formed. In addition, the constant vigilance that a child develops in response to a permanent threat in order to ensure the safety of his existence leads to the fact that most of his attention is directed to what is happening outside of him, thus starting a process that reduces inner awareness. The manifestation of introspection, which is necessary for the development of the internal "self-model", is in a repressive state, since such an internal focus of attention distracts from external events and, thus, increases the danger.
People whose childhood was filled with violence or indifference often have a "floating" identity - their opinion is determined by how other people react to them. The answer to the question: "Who am I?" they try to find outside of themselves.
A person who is alienated from himself as a result of traumatic experiences, especially shameful, taboo experiences, can nullify the taboo memories, thus the experience becomes "unacquainted experience." However, when canceled, such memories later determine the reactions, feelings and self-attitude of a person without his knowledge. Associated with this are emotional regressions specific to cPTSD - sudden and prolonged immersion in emotional states of violence, abandonment, abandonment, such states may include horror, shame, alienation, grief, depression.
In order for the internal “model of I” to develop, the child needs the presence of caring people who respond to him. Your child needs to interact with others who are positive about him / her in order to form a clear and positive attitude towards himself. This happens when a loving adult, sensitive to what the child is feeling and feeling, responds to the child's cues in a way that reinforces his right to exist.
In childhood, the behavior of all people consists of a number of discrete states, but with the support of caring people, the child becomes able to control the behavior there is a consolidation and expansion of the “I”, different aspects of which are associated with different needs - this is how an integrated personality is gradually formed. According to attachment theory, the development of identity occurs in the context of the regulation of affect in early relationships.
Children are designed in such a way that they expect their inner states to be mirrored in one way or another by other people. If the child does not gain access to an adult who is able to recognize and respond to his internal states, then it will be very difficult for him to understand his own experiences and develop a clear identity.
Unfortunately, the movement towards a clearer identity, which later begins to form in adolescence and strengthens in adulthood, becomes less possible for those people who have been deprived of a normal childhood. A traumatized person is looking for his identity, going from one extreme to another, sometimes this search is carried out in the external world, in these cases, the sense of self changes depending on what messages the person receives from others.
A therapeutic relationship can be a powerful vehicle for developing a sense of identity.
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